满园皆风景 绿意沁人心 | 陕西汉中植物园
“让植物的生命影响人的生命”
—— 清华大学李树华教授
汉中植物园位于陕西省汉中市南郑区汉山景区环线，作为汉山景区的核心观光地，园区秉承秦巴地区植物资源优势，深度融合人文历史，突出汉中地域特点，以景观轴（一轴）、文化体验带（一带）、亲子游乐环线（一环）为布局，植入“二十四”节气文化、祈福文化及汉文化元素，是一处具有鲜明陕南地域特色，集科研科普、生态构建、观光游憩于一体的具有市政公园属性的山地型植物园。
Hanzhong Botanical Garden is located in the loop line of Hanshan Mountain Scenic Area in Nanzheng District, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province. As the core tourist destination of Hanshan Mountain Scenic Area, the park inherits the advantages of plant resources in Qinling Bazhong region, deeply integrates human history, highlights the regional characteristics of Hanzhong, and takes landscape axis (one axis), cultural experience belt (one belt), parent-child recreation loop (one ring) as the layout, and implants "24" solar terms culture, blessing culture and Han cultural elements, It is a mountainous botanical garden with municipal park attributes, which has distinctive regional characteristics in southern Shaanxi and integrates scientific research, ecological construction, sightseeing and recreation.
场地原始状况
园区总占地面积约690亩，地处汉山北麓与汉中盆地的交汇处，整体呈现南高北低，为浅山台原地貌，南北跨度600余米，高差110余米，东西跨度900余米。中部南北向山脊为中心区，整个项目区包含一梁一坡一沟的基本地貌。
The park covers an area of about 690 mu and is located at the junction of the north foot of Hanshan Mountain and Hanzhong Basin. It is high in the south and low in the north. It is a shallow mountain platform with a north-south span of more than 600 meters, a height difference of more than 110 meters and a east-west span of more than 900 meters. The north-south ridge in the middle is the central area, and the whole project area includes the basic landform of one beam, one slope and one ditch.
园区总平面图
复杂多变的地形现状，对后期景观的营造提出了较大的挑战；虽然场地范围内原生态环境较好，但植物品种丰富度不足，由此导致游览体验性较差且吸引力较弱。面对以上问题，我们提出以专类园相融合的方式，形成组合型文化园的打造思路，在原有植物园特色主题上，植入二十四节气文化、祈福文化主题，挖掘汉文化特色，增强游览体验。
The complex and changeable terrain situation poses a great challenge to the later landscape construction; Although the original ecological environment within the site is good, the richness of plant varieties is insufficient, which leads to poor experience and attraction. In the face of the above problems, we put forward the idea of combining specialized gardens to form a combined cultural garden. On the original theme of the botanical garden, we will plant the theme of the 24 solar terms culture and blessing culture, tap the characteristics of Chinese culture, and enhance the tourist experience.
汉中市虽然在行政区划上属于西北地区，但由于其地理位置的特殊性——位于秦岭以南，地处北亚热带气候区，因此到处呈现出一派南国风光，并且是闻名遐迩的植物荟萃之地。游客由此进入植物园的大门意味着就进入了秦巴山区的植物王国。
Although Hanzhong belongs to the northwest region in terms of administrative division, due to its special geographical location - located in the south of the Qinling Mountains, and in the northern subtropical climate zone, it presents a southern landscape everywhere, and is a well-known place of plants. Visitors entering the gate of the botanical garden means entering the plant kingdom of the Qinling Bashan Mountains.
南大门区域作为园区的主要形象入口，属于人流、车流的核心集散点，需要全方位考虑好人行、车行动线以及停车场等服务设施的专项设计。受限于用地范围红线、高程变化、交通疏散等诸多因素，停车场设置在大门对面，采用类似银杏叶状的伞形布局设计手法，既摆脱了传统兵营形式的单调布局，又让此区域与主题景观形成暗线关联，自成一景，同时也达到了最大化满足停车需求。
As the main image entrance of the park, the south gate area belongs to the core distribution point of the flow of people and vehicles, so it is necessary to comprehensively consider the special design of the service facilities such as the pedestrian line, vehicle action line and parking lot. Limited by red line, elevation change, traffic evacuation and many other factors in the land area, the parking lot is set opposite the gate, and the umbrella like layout design method similar to gingko leaf is adopted, which not only breaks away from the monotonous layout of the traditional barracks, but also makes the area form a hidden line connection with the theme landscape, forming a scene of its own, and also maximizes the parking demand.
传统的植物园设计，一般仅仅考虑观赏性和游览性，在受众群体的参与度和体验度存在不足，在此次方案设计中，我们结合园区运营管理主干道，设置添加了部分塑胶健身跑道区域，一方面可提升园区游客的参与度和行走锻炼体验，另一方面也提升了公园的市政属性，服务周边居民参与健身运动。
The traditional botanical garden design generally only considers the ornamental and tourist nature, and there are deficiencies in the participation and experience of the audience groups. In this scheme design, we have added some plastic fitness runway areas in combination with the main road of the park's operation and management, which can improve the participation and walking experience of the park's tourists on the one hand, and on the other hand, improve the park's municipal attributes, serving the surrounding residents to participate in fitness activities.
在开敞性的道路游览过程中，注重景观节点的打造设置；丰富远近、高低、前后不同视角下的景观视觉感受，尤其是在不同季节变化下，植物的不同形态下产生的美感，让游客在探访过程中有移步异景的不同感受。
In the process of open road tour, focus on the creation and setting of landscape nodes; Enrich the visual perception of landscape in different perspectives, especially in different seasons and different forms of plants, so that visitors have different feelings of moving to different landscapes during the visit.
在不同景观节点中，依据地势条件变化的不同，结合地域文化特点，合理设置景观休憩和游走设施，高处结合汉文化登高祈福特点设置沐风阁能“临虚御风以观全貌”，低处依据陈仓道文化典故，设置曲径通幽的滨水栈道游线探险寻奇。
In different landscape nodes, according to the different changes in terrain conditions and in combination with the regional cultural characteristics, reasonable landscape recreation and walking facilities should be set up. Mufeng Pavilion should be set up at the high level in combination with the characteristics of Han culture climbing and praying for blessings, so as to "view the whole landscape by facing the virtual and resisting the wind". At the low level, according to the cultural allusions of Chencangdao, a winding waterfront plank road should be set up to explore the wonders.
植物园既可以是古雅的，也可以是新意的，结合不同形态的植物特性，打造专属主题特色场景，结合园内藤本类攀爬植物特性，既可以打造成花径时光隧道，畅想在风和日丽的春光，漫步其中细嗅春的味道；也可以设计为遮荫蔽日的植物“绿伞“，在炎炎夏日里，停留片刻享受绿意下的凉爽。
The Botanical Garden can be either quaint or innovative. Combining the characteristics of plants in different forms, it can create a special theme and feature scene. Combining the characteristics of vines in the Garden, it can be built into a time tunnel of flower path, where you can imagine the beautiful spring and smell the taste of spring when walking in it; It can also be designed as a shade plant "green umbrella". In the hot summer, stay for a moment to enjoy the cool green.
其实每个植物园都天然承担着科普教育的职责，如何让大小朋友们在寓教于乐中开心起来，也是我们要考虑的问题，选取园区中为数不多的一块平地，结合地形条件设置了一处森林主题无动力乐园，让孩子们尽可能多在自然中停留释放天性。
In fact, each botanical garden naturally undertakes the responsibility of popular science education. How to make friends happy through education and entertainment is also a problem we should consider. We choose a few flat lands in the garden, and set up a forest themed non power music garden in combination with the terrain conditions, so that children can stay in nature and release their nature as much as possible.
旱莲花以珍奇、独特、秀丽及年代久远被汉中市人民政府确定为“市花”。园区北门以旱莲花瓣为原型，以一座绽放的“旱莲花之门”作为汉中植物园的又一地标，整体造型与旱莲花的品格类似，简约质朴充满张力，呈现出开敞姿态，寓意欢迎四方宾客的到访。
Hanzhong Municipal People's Government has identified the dry lotus as the "city flower" for its rarity, uniqueness, beauty and long history. The north gate of the park takes the dry lotus petal as the prototype, and takes a blooming "dry lotus gate" as another landmark of Hanzhong Botanical Garden. The overall shape is similar to the character of dry lotus, simple and plain, full of tension, showing an open attitude, implying that guests from all directions are welcome.
结语：
如何设计出一个新时代语境下且具有地域特色的植物园，是我们一直在设计过程中思考的问题；以植物科普观赏为基础，融入地域文化，采用现代主义设计手法语言去诠释植物的美感、文化的传承以及美好生活的趣味；让更多人停留其中，充分沐浴在大自然的怀抱里，享受更多生命的健康与美好；让一切回归自然，真正实现让植物的生命影响人的生命！也许这些就是答案。
How to design a botanical garden with regional characteristics in the context of the new era is a problem we have been thinking about in the design process; On the basis of popular plant science appreciation, it integrates with regional culture, and uses modernist design techniques to interpret the beauty of plants, the inheritance of culture, and the taste of a better life; Let more people stay in it, fully bathe in the embrace of nature, and enjoy more health and beauty of life; Let everything return to nature, and truly let the life of plants affect the life of people! Maybe these are the answers.
| 项目档案
项目名称：汉中植物园
项目位置：陕西省汉中市南郑区宏福路汉山景区环线
业主单位：汉中市南郑区城市建设投资开发管理委员会办公室
景观设计：德纳兰设计
施工单位：陕西润丰园林景观工程有限公司/陕西炫龙环境工程有限公司/陕西长城建设工程有限公司
项目摄影：重庆咏筑熠景广告文化传播有限公司
设计面积：690亩
设计时间：2017年5月
竣工时间：2021年4月